Window
Represents a single Window
Window(
title,
layout = None,
default_element_size = (250, 26),
default_button_element_size = (None, None),
auto_size_text = None,
auto_size_buttons = None,
location = (None, None),
size = (None, None),
element_padding = None,
button_color = None,
font = None,
progress_bar_color = (None, None),
background_color = None,
border_depth = None,
auto_close = False,
auto_close_duration = None,
icon = ...,
force_toplevel = False,
element_justification = "left",
alpha_channel = 1,
return_keyboard_events = False,
use_default_focus = True,
text_justification = None,
no_titlebar = False,
grab_anywhere = False,
keep_on_top = False,
resizable = True,
disable_close = False,
disable_minimize = False,
background_image = None,
finalize = False
)
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| alpha_channel | float | 1 | Sets the opacity of the window. 0 = invisible 1 = completely visible. Values bewteen 0 & 1 will produce semi-transparent windows in SOME environments (The Raspberry Pi always has this value at 1 and cannot change. |
| auto_close | bool | False | If True, the window will automatically close itself |
| auto_close_duration | int | None | Number of seconds to wait before closing the window |
| auto_size_buttons | bool | None | True if Buttons in this Window should be sized to exactly fit the text on this. |
| auto_size_text | bool | None | True if Elements in Window should be sized to exactly fir the length of text |
| background_color | str | None | color of background |
| border_depth | int | None | Default border depth (width) for all elements in the window |
| button_color | (str, str) or str | None | Default button colors for all buttons in the window |
| default_button_element_size | (int, int) | (None, None) | (width, height) size in characters (wide) and rows (high) for all Button elements in this window |
| default_element_size | (int, int) - (width, height) | (250, 26) | size in characters (wide) and rows (high) for all elements in this window |
| disable_close | bool | False | If True, the X button in the top right corner of the window will no work. Use with caution and always give a way out toyour users |
| disable_minimize | bool | False | if True the user won't be able to minimize window. Good for taking over entire screen and staying that way. |
| element_justification | str | left | All elements in the Window itself will have this justification 'left', 'right', 'center' are valid values |
| element_padding | (int, int or (int, int),(int,int)) or int | None | Default amount of padding to put around elements in window (left/right, top/bottom) or ((left, right), (top, bottom)), or an int. If an int, then it's converted into a tuple (int, int) |
| finalize | bool | False | If True then the Finalize method will be called. Use this rather than chaining .Finalize for cleaner code |
| font | (str or (str, int[, str]) or None) | None | specifies the font family, size, etc. Tuple or Single string format 'name size styles'. Styles: italic * roman bold normal underline overstrike |
| force_toplevel | bool | False | If True will cause this window to skip the normal use of a hidden master window |
| grab_anywhere | bool | False | If True can use mouse to click and drag to move the window. Almost every location of the window will work except input fields on some systems |
| icon | (str or bytes) | b'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| Can be either a filename or Base64 value. For Windows if filename, it MUST be ICO format. For Linux, must NOT be ICO. Most portable is to use a Base64 of a PNG file. This works universally across all OS's |
| keep_on_top | bool | False | If True, window will be created on top of all other windows on screen. It can be bumped down if another window created with this parm |
| layout | List[List[Element]] or Tuple[Tuple[Element]] | None | The layout for the window. Can also be specified in the Layout method |
| location | (int, int or None, None) or None | (None, None) | (x,y) location, in pixels, to locate the upper left corner of the window on the screen. Default is to center on screen. None will not set any location meaning the OS will decide |
| no_titlebar | bool | False | If true, no titlebar nor frame will be shown on window. This means you cannot minimize the window and it will not show up on the taskbar |
| progress_bar_color | (str, str) | (None, None) | (bar color, background color) Sets the default colors for all progress bars in the window |
| resizable | bool | True | If True, allows the user to resize the window. Note the not all Elements will change size or location when resizing. |
| return_keyboard_events | bool | False | if True key presses on the keyboard will be returned as Events from Read calls |
| size | (int, int) | (None, None) | (width, height) size in pixels for this window. Normally the window is autosized to fit contents, not set to an absolute size by the user. Try not to set this value. You risk, the contents being cut off, etc. Let the layout determine the window size instead |
| text_justification | 'left' or 'right' or 'center' | None | Default text justification for all Text Elements in window |
| title | str | The title that will be displayed in the Titlebar and on the Taskbar | |
| use_default_focus | bool | True | If True will use the default focus algorithm to set the focus to the "Correct" element |
Class Properties
alpha_channel
A property that changes the current alpha channel value (internal value)
Parameter Descriptions| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RETURN | float | the current alpha channel setting according to self, not read directly from tkinter |
size
Return the current size of the window in pixels
Parameter Descriptions| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RETURN | Tuple[(int), (int)] or Tuple[None, None] | (width, height) of the window |
Class Methods
def add_row
def add_rows
def autoclose_timer_callback
def bring_to_front
def callback_keyboard_char
def close
def current_location
def disable
def disappear
def enable
def fill
def finalize
def find_element
def find_element_with_focus
def get_screen_dimensions
def hide
def layout
def layout_and_read
def layout_and_show
def load_from_disk
def maximize
def minimize
def move
def non_block_timer_timeout
def on_close
def read
def reappear
def refresh
def save_to_disk
def set_alpha
def set_icon
def size_changed
def timer_timeout
def un_hide
def visibility_changed
add_row
Adds a single row of elements to a window's self.Rows variables. Generally speaking this is NOT how users should be building Window layouts. Users, create a single layout (a list of lists) and pass as a parameter to Window object, or call Window.Layout(layout)
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| *args | List[Elements] |
add_rows
Loops through a list of lists of elements and adds each row, list, to the layout. This is NOT the best way to go about creating a window. Sending the entire layout at one time and passing it as a parameter to the Window call is better.
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rows | List[List[Elements]] | A list of a list of elements |
autoclose_timer_callback
bring_to_front
Brings this window to the top of all other windows (perhaps may not be brought before a window made to "stay on top")
callback_keyboard_char
close
Closes window. Users can safely call even if window has been destroyed. Should always call when done with a window so that resources are properly freed up within your thread.
current_location
Get the current location of the window's top left corner. Sometimes, depending on the environment, the value returned does not include the titlebar,etc A new option, more_accurate, can be used to get the theoretical upper leftmost corner of the window. The titlebar and menubar are crated by the OS. It gets really confusing when running in a webpage (repl, trinket) Thus, the values can appear top be "off" due to the sometimes unpredictable way the location is calculated. If without_titlebar is set then the location of the root x,y is used which should not include the titlebar but may be OS dependent.
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RETURN | Tuple[(int or None), (int or None)] | The x and y location in tuple form (x,y) |
disable
Disables window from taking any input from the user
disappear
Causes a window to "disappear" from the screen, but remain on the taskbar. It does this by turning the alpha channel to 0. NOTE that on some platforms alpha is not supported. The window will remain showing on these platforms. The Raspberry Pi for example does not have an alpha setting
enable
Re-enables window to take user input after having it be Disabled previously
fill
Fill in elements that are input fields with data based on a 'values dictionary'
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| values_dict | (Dict[Any, Any]) - {Element_key : value} | pairs | |
| RETURN | Window | returns self so can be chained with other methods |
finalize
Use this method to cause your layout to built into a real tkinter window. In reality this method is like Read(timeout=0). It doesn't block and uses your layout to create tkinter widgets to represent the elements. Lots of action!
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RETURN | Window | Returns 'self' so that method "Chaining" can happen (read up about it as it's very cool!) |
find_element
Warning This call will eventually be depricated. **
It is suggested that you modify your code to use the recommended window[key] lookup or the PEP8 compliant window.find_element(key)
For now, you'll only see a message printed and the call will continue to funcation as before.
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| key | str or int or tuple or object | Used with window.find_element and with return values to uniquely identify this element | |
| silent_on_error | bool | False | If True do not display popup nor print warning of key errors |
| RETURN | Element or Error Element or None | Return value can be: the Element that matches the supplied key if found; an Error Element if silent_on_error is False; None if silent_on_error True; |
find_element_with_focus
Returns the Element that currently has focus as reported by tkinter. If no element is found None is returned!
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RETURN | Element or None | An Element if one has been found with focus or None if no element found |
get_screen_dimensions
Get the screen dimensions. NOTE - you must have a window already open for this to work (blame tkinter not me)
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RETURN | Tuple[None, None] or Tuple[width, height] | Tuple containing width and height of screen in pixels |
hide
Hides the window from the screen and the task bar
layout
Second of two preferred ways of telling a Window what its layout is. The other way is to pass the layout as a parameter to Window object. The parameter method is the currently preferred method. This call to Layout has been removed from examples contained in documents and in the Demo Programs. Trying to remove this call from history and replace with sending as a parameter to Window.
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rows | List[List[Elements]] | Your entire layout | |
| RETURN | Window | self so that you can chain method calls |
layout_and_read
Deprecated!! Now your layout your window's rows (layout) and then separately call Read.
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| non_blocking | bool | False | if True the Read call will not block |
| rows | List[List[Element]] | The layout of the window |
layout_and_show
Deprecated - do not use any longer. Layout your window and then call Read. Or can add a Finalize call before the Read
load_from_disk
Restore values from a previous call to SaveToDisk which saves the returned values dictionary in Pickle format
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| filename | str | Pickle Filename to load |
maximize
Maximize the window.
minimize
Minimize this window to the task bar
move
Move the upper left corner of this window to the x,y coordinates provided
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| x | int | x coordinate in pixels | |
| y | int | y coordinate in pixels |
non_block_timer_timeout
on_close
read
THE biggest deal method in the Window class! This is how you get all of your data from your Window. Pass in a timeout (in milliseconds) to wait for a maximum of timeout milliseconds. Will return timeout_key if no other GUI events happen first.
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| close | bool | False | if True the window will be closed prior to returning |
| timeout | int | None | Milliseconds to wait until the Read will return IF no other GUI events happen first |
| timeout_key | Any | TIMEOUT | The value that will be returned from the call if the timer expired |
| RETURN | Tuple[(Any), Dict[Any, Any], List[Any], None] | (event, values) |
reappear
Causes a window previously made to "Disappear" (using that method). Does this by restoring the alpha channel
refresh
Refreshes the window by calling tkroot.update(). Can sometimes get away with a refresh instead of a Read. Use this call when you want something to appear in your Window immediately (as soon as this function is called). If you change an element in a window, your change will not be visible until the next call to Window.read or a call to Window.refresh()
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RETURN | Window | self so that method calls can be easily "chained" |
save_to_disk
Saves the values contained in each of the input areas of the form. Basically saves what would be returned from a call to Read. It takes these results and saves them to disk using pickle. Note that every element in your layout that is to be saved must have a key assigned to it.
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| filename | str | Filename to save the values to in pickled form |
set_alpha
Sets the Alpha Channel for a window. Values are between 0 and 1 where 0 is completely transparent
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| alpha | float | 0 to 1.0 is completely transparent. 1 is completely visible and solid (can't see through) |
set_icon
Changes the icon that is shown on the title bar and on the task bar. NOTE - The file type is IMPORTANT and depends on the OS! Can pass in: * filename which must be a .ICO icon file for windows, PNG file for Linux * bytes object * BASE64 encoded file held in a variable
Parameter Descriptions
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| icon | str | None | Filename or bytes object |
| pngbase64 | bytes | None | Base64 encoded image |
size_changed
timer_timeout
un_hide
Used to bring back a window that was previously hidden using the Hide method
visibility_changed
When making an element in a column or someplace that has a scrollbar, then you'll want to call this function prior to the column's contents_changed() method.